10th Social Science First Midterm Exam 2026 Question Paper PDF Download | Tamil Nadu State Board
10th Social Science First Midterm Exam 2026 Question Paper PDF Download | Tamil Nadu State Board
IV. Answer any four of the following questions
1. Discuss the main causes of the First World War.
European Alliances and Counter-Alliances: In 1900 five of the European Great Powers were divided into two armed camps. One camp consisted of the Central Powers—Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, who formed the Triple Alliance in 1882. The other camp consisted of France and Russia, whose alliance was formed in 1894. Later, the Triple Entente of Britain, France and Russia was formed in 1907.
Violent Forms of Nationalism: With the growth of nationalism, the attitude of “my country right or wrong I support it” developed. Love for one's country demanded hatred for another. England’s jingoism, France’s chauvinism and Germany’s Kultur were militant forms of nationalism contributing to the war.
Aggressive Attitude of German Emperor: Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany proclaimed that Germany would be the leader of the world. He intentionally recognised the independence of the Sultan of Morocco to challenge British and French agreements, leading to bitterness.
Imperial Power Politics in the Balkans: The Young Turk Revolution of 1908 provided Austria and Russia with the opportunity to resume activities in the Balkans. Austria’s annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina aroused intense opposition from Serbia, which was supported by Russia. Germany gave firm support to Austria, leading to enmity.
Immediate Cause: On 28 June 1914, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was assassinated by a Bosnian Serb in Sarajevo. Austria used this as an opportunity to eliminate Serbia. Germany declared war on Russia on 1 August, and the violation of Belgian neutrality forced Britain to enter the war.
2. Estimate the work done by the League of Nations.
Objectives: The two-fold objective was to avoid war and maintain peace, and to promote international cooperation in economic and social affairs. The League intended to act as a conciliator and arbitrator to resolve disputes.
Dispute Resolution (1920–1925): The League was successful in three major issues.
- Aaland Islands (1920): Settled a sovereignty dispute between Sweden and Finland, ruling that the islands should go to Finland.
- Upper Silesia: Successfully resolved the frontier dispute between Poland and Germany.
- Greece and Bulgaria (1925): Ordered a ceasefire after Greece invaded Bulgaria, blaming Greece and requiring them to pay reparations.
Locarno Treaty (1925): By this treaty, Germany, France, Belgium, Great Britain, and Italy mutually guaranteed peace in Western Europe. Thereafter, Germany joined the League and was given a permanent seat in the Council.
Disarmament: The Council set up a commission for a Disarmament Conference which materialised in 1932. However, Germany’s demand for equality of arms was rejected, leading Hitler to withdraw Germany from the Conference and the League.
3. Explain the Divisions of Northern Mountains and its importance to India.
Divisions of Northern Mountains: The Northern Mountains are grouped into three divisions:
- The Trans-Himalayas: Also known as Western Himalayas, located to the north of the Great Himalayan range.
- The Himalayas: These are young fold mountains formed by the movement of Eurasian and Gondwana landmasses. It consists of three main ranges:
- Greater Himalayas (Himadri): The most continuous range with an average height of 6,000m, containing peaks like Mt. Everest and Kanchenjunga.
- Lesser Himalayas (Himachal): The middle range with heights from 3,700 to 4,500m. Familiar hill stations like Shimla, Mussourie, and Nainital are located here.
- Outer Himalayas (Siwaliks): The southernmost range.
- Eastern Himalayas or Purvanchal Hills: These are the eastern off-shoots of the Himalayas extended in the north-eastern states.
Importance of the Himalayas:
- They block southwest monsoon winds and cause heavy rainfall to north India.
- They form a natural barrier to the subcontinent.
- They are the source of many perennial rivers like Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra.
- They act as a paradise for tourists with many hill stations and pilgrim centres.
- They prevent cold winds from Central Asia and protect India from severe cold.
- They provide raw materials for forest-based industries and are renowned for rich biodiversity.
4. Write about South West Monsoon.
Onset and Duration: The southwest monsoon is the most significant feature of Indian climate. It normally starts over the southern tip of the country by the first week of June and covers the whole country by 15th July.
Burst of Monsoon: The sudden approach of the monsoon wind over South India with lightning and thunder is termed as the ‘break’ or ‘burst of monsoon’.
Branches of Monsoon: The monsoon wind strikes the southern tip of India and divides into two branches:
- Arabian Sea Branch: This branch gives heavy rainfall to the west coast of India as it is on the windward side of the Western Ghats. The part advancing north is obstructed by the Himalayas, causing heavy rain in the north.
- Bay of Bengal Branch: This branch moves towards Northeast India and Myanmar. The winds are trapped by the Garo, Khasi and Jaintia mountains, causing heaviest rainfall at Mawsynram in Meghalaya.
Significance: Overall, about 75% of Indian rainfall is received from this monsoon.
5. Explain the salient features of the constitution of India.
- It is the lengthiest of all the written constitutions of the world.
- It has borrowed most of its provisions from the constitutions of various countries.
- It is partly rigid and partly flexible.
- It establishes a federal system of government.
- It makes India a secular state.
- It provides an independent judiciary.
- It introduces Universal Adult Franchise and accords the right to vote to all citizens above 18 years of age without any discrimination.
- It provides single and uniform citizenship for the whole of India.
- It contains Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy.
6. What are the methods of calculating Gross Domestic Product? and explain its.
There are three methods to calculate GDP:
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Expenditure Approach: In this method, GDP is measured by adding the expenditure on all the final goods and services produced in the country during a specified period.
Y = C + I + G + (X − M)
(Where C = Consumption, I = Investment, G = Government Expenditure, X = Exports, M = Imports)
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The Income Approach: This method looks at GDP from the perspective of the earnings of the men and women involved in producing goods and services.
Y = wages + rent + interest + profit
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Value-Added Approach: In this method, the sum of the value added by all intermediate goods used in production is calculated to find the total value of the final goods.
Example: To find the value of a cup of tea (final good), the values of tea powder, milk, and sugar (intermediate goods) are added together.
Value of intermediate goods = Value of final goods
இதுல உள்ள எல்லாத்தையுமே நல்லா பிரிப்பேர் பண்ணிக்கோங்க. எல்லா கொஸ்டினுமே ரொம்ப ரொம்ப இம்போர்ட்டண்ட். சோ அதனால இதுல உள்ள எல்லா கொஸ்டினையும் நல்லா பிரிப்பேர் பண்ணிக்கோங்க. கண்டிப்பா இந்த கொஸ்டின்ஸ் எல்லாமே உங்களுக்கு ரொம்ப ரொம்ப யூஸ்புல்லா இருக்கும்.
கல்விமினிய தொடர்ந்து பாலோ பண்ணுங்க. இதுல உங்களுக்கு தேவையான எல்லா இம்பார்ட்டண்ட் கொஸ்டின்ஸ் எல்லாமே நான் உங்களுக்கு அப்லோடு பண்ணுவேன்.
இந்த கொஸ்டின் பேப்பர்ல உள்ள எல்லா கொஸ்டின்மே ரொம்ப இம்பார்ட்டண்ட். முக்கியமா வந்து ஹிஸ்டரி ல உள்ளதா இருக்கட்டும், இது எல்லாமே ரொம்ப ரொம்ப இம்பார்ட்டனான டூ மார்க் கொஸ்டின் அண்ட் ஃபைவ் மார்க் கொஸ்டின்.
அதே மாதிரி மேப்பு, காலக்கோடு (Timeline) இதெல்லாம் கொஞ்சம் நல்லா ப்ரிப்பேர் பண்ணிக்கோங்க. ஓகே.
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