9th Social Science Important Questions & Model Question Paper

9th Social Science Important Questions 2026–2027 PDF | Midterm Exam Important Questions with Answers | Kalvi Mini

Important 2-Mark and 5-Mark Questions & Answers

Question: What is Archaeology?

Answer: Archaeology is the study of human past through the analysis and interpretation of material remains.

Question: What is Palaeoanthropology?

Answer: Palaeoanthropology is the study of the human ancestors and their evolution by the study of the fossil remains.

Question: Define Natural selection.

Answer: The process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment would survive and produce more offspring.

Question: What is survival of the fittest?

Answer: Survival of the fittest means “survival of the form that will leave the most copies of itself in successive generations.”

Question: Define Hominid.

Answer: Hominid refers to all the species of the modern and extinct great apes, which also includes humans.

Question: Who are Hominins?

Answer: Hominins (a zoological tribe) refers to the close relatives of human ancestors and their sister species including Homo sapiens (the modern humans) and the extinct members of Homo neanderthalensis, Homo erectus, Homo habilis and various species of Australopithecines.

Question: What is the Fertile Crescent Region?

Answer: Fertile Crescent Region refers to the area covering Egypt, Israel-Palestine and Iraq, which is in the shape of crescent moon.

Question: What are the three layers of the earth?

Answer: The earth is composed of three concentric layers. They are: 1. The Crust, 2. The Mantle and 3. The Core.

Question: Give Abraham Lincoln’s definition for democracy.

Answer: Abraham Lincoln, one of the Presidents of the USA, defines democracy as a government of the people, by the people and for the people.

Question: What are the two forms of democracy?

Answer: There are two types of democracy. They are 1. Direct Democracy 2. Indirect (Representative) Democracy.

Question: What do you mean by development?

Answer: It refers to the progress of a particular field or a particular person. Similarly, the economic progress of a country is known as ‘economic development’.

Question: What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?

Answer: HDI is a composite index of life expectancy, education and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.

Question: Discuss how the age of speculation made humans become conscious and knowledgeable.

Answer: Humans are the only species on earth concerned with understanding as well as explaining the world and the universe. In the course of evolution, humans became conscious and knowledgeable. They turned curious and began to think and ask questions about nature, organisms and the world around them. At first, they considered nature as God. They worshipped sun, moon and various natural forces about which they developed their own understanding, some of which was not scientific.

Question: Examine the tool making technical skills of lower Paleolithic people.

Answer: The human ancestors flaked large stone blocks and designed various tools including hand axes. These tools, which are found in Africa, Asia, and Europe, are dated the earliest to about 1.8 million years ago. They made various tools such as hand axes and cleavers to meet their subsistence needs. These tools are also known as bifaces. These tools have physical symmetry and convey the humans’ cognitive (perception) skills.

Question: Describe the structure of the Earth.

Answer: The earth is composed of three concentric layers. 1. The Crust: The outer layer of the Earth, where we live. 2. The Mantle: The interior part beneath the crust. 3. The Core: The innermost layer of the Earth.

Question: What are the challenges to Indian democracy?

Answer: 1. Illiteracy 2. Poverty 3. Gender discrimination 4. Regionalism 5. Casteism, communalism and religious fundamentalism 6. Corruption 7. Criminalisation of politics 8. Political violence.

Question: Explain the three sectors of an economy.

Answer: (a) primary sector: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishery and Mining. (b) secondary sector: Manufacturing, Electricity Gas and Water Supply. (c) tertiary sector: Trade, Transport and Communication.

Kalvi Mini First Midterm Exam 2026 Model Question Paper

Time: 1.30 Hours Max. Marks: 50

PART-I: Choose the correct answer (5 x 1 = 5 Marks)

Herodotus is considered the Father of History, because the history he wrote was:
(a) humanistic and rationalistic (b) divine (c) unscientific (d) religious
_____________ is genetically closest to humans.
(a) Gorilla (b) Chimpanzee (c) Orang-utan (d) Great Apes
The Sumerian system of writing:
(a) Pictographic (b) Hieroglyphic (c) Sonogram (d) Cuneiform
In democracy the final authority rests with:
(a) The Parliament (b) The People (c) The Court (d) The President
The ________ income is also called per capita income.
(a) average (b) total (c) people (d) monthly

PART-II: Short Answers (5 x 2 = 10 Marks)

What is Archaeology?
Define the term 'Hominins'.
Give the definition of democracy according to Abraham Lincoln.
What are the indicators of development?
Name the three concentric layers of the Earth.

PART-III: Detailed/Paragraph/Distinguish Answers (5 x 5 = 25 Marks)

Examine the tool making technical skills of Lower Paleolithic people.
List the characteristics and contributions of the Egyptian Civilisation.
Describe the structure of the Earth in a paragraph.
Explain the conditions necessary for the success of democracy in India.
Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable resources with examples.

PART-IV: Map and Timeline work (2 x 5 = 10 Marks)

Draw a timeline for the course of cultures in ancient Tamilagam (Paleolithic to Early Historic Age).
On an outline map of the world, mark the location of the following ancient civilizations:
(a) Egyptian (b) Mesopotamian (c) Chinese (d) Indus (e) Fertile Crescent Region.

Kalvi Mini First Midterm Exam 2026 - Answer Key

PART-I

1. (a) humanistic and rationalistic

2. (b) Chimpanzee

3. (d) Cuneiform

4. (b) The People

5. (a) average

PART-II

1. Archaeology is the study of human past through the analysis and interpretation of material remains.

2. Hominins (a zoological tribe) refers to the close relatives of human ancestors and their sister species including Homo sapiens (the modern humans) and the extinct members of Homo neanderthalensis, Homo erectus, Homo habilis and various species of Australopithecines.

3. Abraham Lincoln, one of the Presidents of the USA, defines democracy as a government of the people, by the people and for the people.

4. For comparing development between countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes. Other indicators include Literacy Rate, Sex Ratio, and Enrolment in Higher Education.

5. They are: 1. The Crust, 2. The Mantle and 3. The Core.

PART-III

1. The human ancestors flaked large stone blocks and designed various tools including hand axes. These tools... have physical symmetry and convey the humans’ cognitive (perception) skills. They made various tools such as hand axes and cleavers to meet their subsistence needs. These tools are also known as bifaces.

2. „ The Egyptians developed a solar calendar system. „ The pyramids and their designs show their mathematical and surveying skills. „ Hieroglyphic writing system attests to their skills in handling symbols. „ Preservation of human body in the form of Mummies. „ They applied innovation in the use of science and technology.

3. The earth is composed of three concentric layers. 1. The Crust: The outer layer of the Earth, where we live. 2. The Mantle: The interior part beneath the crust. 3. The Core: The innermost layer of the Earth.

4. Empowerment of the poor and illiterates to enjoy the goodness of democracy. Willingness among the elected representatives not to misuse their powerful position and public money. Eradication of social evils and dangers from which democracy suffers. An impartial and efficient press to form public opinion. Presence of strong public opinion.

5. Renewable resources are replenishable, e.g., Solar energy. Non renewable resources are non replenishable, e.g., Coal, Petroleum. Non-renewable resources get exhausted after certain number of years of extracting and using them and they cannot be replenished.

PART-IV

1. (Timeline Verbatim)
Paleolithic Period: Circa. 20,00,000 years to circa. 8,000 BC (BCE)
Mesolithic Period: Circa. 8,000 years to circa. 1,300 BC (BCE)
Neolithic Period: Circa. 2,00,000 BC (BCE) to 1,000 BC (BCE)
Iron Age: Circa. 1,300 BC (BCE) to 500 BC (BCE)
Early Historic and Sangam Age: 300 BC (BCE) to 300 AD (CE)

2. [Map marking locations to be located on physical map by student based on coordinates]: (a) Egyptian (b) Mesopotamian (c) Chinese (d) Indus (e) Fertile Crescent Region.

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