10th Social Science First Midterm Exam 2026 Question Paper with Answers | Tamil Nadu Samacheer Kalvi

10th Social Science First Midterm Exam 2026 Question Paper with Answers

10th Social Science First Midterm Exam 2026 Question Paper with Answers 

Question No. 1

Question What were the three major empires shattered by the end of First World War?

• a) Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottomans
• b) Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia
• c) Spain, Portugal and Italy
• d) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Answer: a) Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottomans

Question No. 2

Question The north-south extent of India is:

• a) 2500 km
• b) 2933 km
• c) 3214 km
• d) 2814 km

Answer: c) 3,214 km

Question No. 3

Question The concept of constitution first originated in which country?

• a) England
• b) USA
• c) France
• d) Russia

Answer: b) USA

Question No. 4

Question GNP equals:

• a) NNP adjusted for inflation
• b) GDP adjusted for inflation
• c) GDP plus net factor income from abroad
• d) NNP plus net property income from abroad

Answer: c) GDP plus net factor income from abroad

Question No. 5

Question “Imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism” – who said this?

• a) Lenin
• b) Marx
• c) Sun Yat-sen
• d) Mao Tsetung

Answer: a) Lenin

Question No. 6

Question Which river is known as the ‘Sorrow of Bihar’?

• a) Narmada
• b) Godavari
• c) Kosi
• d) Damodar

Answer: c) Kosi

Question No. 7

Question Which one of the following rights was described by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the “heart and soul of the Constitution”?

• a) Right to freedom of religion
• b) Right to equality
• c) Right to Constitutional remedies
• d) Right to property

Answer: c) Right to Constitutional remedies

Question No. 8

Question Primary sector consists of:

• a) Agriculture
• b) Automobiles
• c) Trade
• d) Banking

Answer: a) Agriculture

Question No. 9

Question What is the Battle of Marne remembered for?

• a) air warfare
• b) trench warfare
• c) submarine warfare
• d) ship warfare

Answer: b) trench warfare

Question No. 10

Question The highest peak in South India is:

• a) Ooty
• b) Kodaikanal
• c) Anaimudi
• d) Jindhagada

Answer: c) Anaimudi

Question No. 11

Question Which of the following is the correct sequence of the terms used in the Preamble?

• a) Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic
• b) Republic, Democratic, Secular, Socialist, Sovereign
• c) Sovereign, Republic, Secular, Socialist, Democratic
• d) Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Republic, Democratic

Answer: a) Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic

Question No. 12

Question Per capita income is obtained by:

• a) National Income / Population
• b) GDP / Population
• c) National Income x Population
• d) Personal Income - Taxes

Answer: a) National Income / Population

Question No. 13

Question Which country was expelled from the League of Nations for attacking Finland?

• a) Germany
• b) Russia
• c) Italy
• d) France

Answer: b) Russia

Question No. 14

Question Pulicat Lake is located between which states?

• a) West Bengal and Odisha
• b) Karnataka and Kerala
• c) Odisha and Andhra Pradesh
• d) Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh

Answer: d) Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh

Question No. 15

Question Name the countries in the Triple Entente.

Answer: The countries in the Triple Entente were Britain, France, and Russia.

Question No. 16

Question Name the neighbouring countries of India.

Answer: The neighbouring countries of India are Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar.

Question No. 17

Question What is a Constitution?

Answer: A Constitution is the fundamental law of a country which reflects the fundamental principles on which the government of that country is based. It is considered the vehicle of a Nation’s progress.

Question No. 18

Question Define National Income.

Answer: National Income is a measure of the total money value of goods and services produced by an economy over a period of time, normally a year. It is commonly called Gross National Product (GNP) or National Dividend.

Question No. 19

Question List out any two causes for the failure of the League of Nations.

Answer: Two causes for the failure of the League of Nations were that it lacked its own military power to enforce its decisions and the dictators of Italy, Japan, and Germany refused to be bound by its orders.

Question No. 20

Question State the west flowing rivers of India.

Answer: The west flowing rivers of India are the Narmada, Tapti, Mahi, and Sabarmati. These rivers confluence with the Arabian Sea.

Question No. 21

Question Mention any two salient features of the Indian Constitution.

Answer: Two salient features of the Indian Constitution are that it is the lengthiest written constitution in the world and it provides for an independent judiciary.

Question No. 22

Question (a) Discuss the main causes of the First World War. OR (b) Estimate the work done by the League of Nations.

Answer: (a) Main Causes of the First World War: European Alliances: Europe was divided into two warring camps, the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) and the Triple Entente (Britain, France, Russia). Violent Forms of Nationalism: The growth of aggressive patriotism, such as Jingoism in England, Chauvinism in France, and Kultur in Germany, contributed to the outbreak. Aggressive Attitude of Germany: Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II's aggressive stance and belief that Germany was the leader of the world increased tensions. France’s Hostility: France remained hostile towards Germany due to the loss of its territories, Alsace and Lorraine, during previous conflicts. Power Politics in the Balkans: The rivalry between various powers over the crumbling Ottoman Empire and the Balkans created a highly unstable situation. Immediate Cause: The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, by a Bosnian Serb provided the final spark for the war. (b) Work Done by the League of Nations: The League was called upon to settle various disputes between 1920 and 1925. It successfully settled the dispute between Finland and Sweden over the Aaland Islands, the frontier dispute between Albania and Greece, and the border clash between Greece and Bulgaria. It also helped resolve the conflict between Peru and Colombia and between Bolivia and Paraguay. Additionally, the League's social and health organisations worked on issues such as the drug trade, child welfare, and improving international health conditions. The League also established the International Court of Justice and the International Labour Organisation.

Question No. 23

Question (a) Distinguish between the Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers. OR (b) Write a brief note on the island group of Lakshadweep.

Answer: (a) Distinguish between Himalayan and Peninsular Rivers: Himalayan Rivers: These rivers originate from the Himalayas, are perennial in nature as they are fed by both snow and rain, have long and wide courses, and are generally useful for navigation in their lower reaches. Examples include the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra. Peninsular Rivers: These rivers mostly originate from the Western Ghats, are non-perennial (seasonal) as they are solely fed by rain, have short and narrow courses, and are generally not useful for navigation but suitable for hydro power generation. Examples include the Narmada, Tapti, Godavari, and Kaveri. (b) Lakshadweep Island Group: Lakshadweep is a small group of coral islands located in the Arabian Sea, off the west coast of India. It consists of 27 islands covering an area of about 32 sq km. Kavaratti is its administrative capital. The islands were renamed Lakshadweep in 1973. These islands are separated from the Maldive Islands by the Eight Degree Channel.

Question No. 24

Question (a) Point out the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution. OR (b) Mention the differences between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy.

Answer: (a) Fundamental Rights: The Indian Constitution originally provided for seven fundamental rights, but currently, there are six: Right to Equality: Ensures equal treatment before the law and prohibits discrimination. Right to Freedom: Guarantees various freedoms such as speech, assembly, and movement. Right against Exploitation: Prohibits forced labour and child labour. Right to Freedom of Religion: Allows citizens to practice and propagate any religion. Cultural and Educational Rights: Protects the rights of minorities to preserve their culture and establish educational institutions. Right to Constitutional Remedies: Allows citizens to approach the courts if their fundamental rights are violated. (b) Differences between Fundamental Rights (FR) and Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP): Enforceability: Fundamental Rights are justifiable and enforceable by a court of law, whereas Directive Principles are not enforceable in any court. Nature: FRs are generally negative in character as they place limitations on the state, while DPSPs are positive as they require the state to do certain things. Purpose: FRs aim to establish political democracy in the country, whereas DPSPs aim to establish social and economic democracy. Legal Sanction: FRs have legal sanctions, but DPSPs only have moral and political sanctions.

Question No. 25

Question (a) What are the methods of calculating Gross Domestic Product? Explain them. OR (b) Write any five differences between economic growth and economic development.

Answer: (a) Methods of Calculating GDP: Expenditure Approach: In this method, GDP is calculated by adding up all the final expenditures on goods and services produced in the country. The formula is GDP = C + I + G + (X − M), where C is consumption, I is investment, G is government expenditure, and (X-M) is net exports. Income Approach: This method views GDP from the perspective of the earnings of the people involved in producing goods and services. It is calculated as Y = wages + rent + interest + profit. Value-Added Approach: This approach sums the value added by each intermediate good used in the production process to arrive at the value of the final good. This method helps avoid "double counting" by not including the value of intermediate goods multiple times. (b) Differences between Economic Growth and Economic Development: Definition: Economic growth is a positive quantitative change in an economy's output, while economic development considers output rise along with improvements in living standards and technology. Concept: Economic growth is a narrower concept, whereas economic development is a broader concept. Nature: Growth is quantitative in nature, while development is qualitative in nature. Tenure: Economic growth is generally short-term in nature, while economic development is a long-term process. Measurement: Growth is measured by an increase in national income, while development is measured by an increase in real per capita income.

Question No. 26

Question (a) Write briefly on the Right to Constitutional Remedies. OR (b) Briefly explain various terms associated with measuring of National Income.

Answer: (a) Right to Constitutional Remedies: Under Article 32, citizens have the right to approach the Supreme Court if their fundamental rights are violated. The Court can issue directions, orders, or writs to protect these rights. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar described this right as the "heart and soul of the Constitution". The five kinds of writs issued by the courts are Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Quo Warranto, and Certiorari. Because of its power to protect fundamental rights, the Supreme Court is known as the "Guardian of the Constitution". (b) Terms Associated with Measuring National Income: Gross National Product (GNP): The total value of goods and services produced and income received by domestic residents in a year, including income from abroad. Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total market value of all final goods and services produced within the geographical boundaries of a country during a specific time period. Net National Product (NNP): Arrived at by deducting the value of depreciation from the Gross National Product. Net Domestic Product (NDP): Obtained by deducting depreciation (wear and tear expenses) from the Gross Domestic Product. Per Capita Income (PCI): The average income of a person in a country, obtained by dividing the National Income by the total population. Personal Income (PI): The total money income received by individuals and households from all sources before paying direct taxes. Disposable Income (DI): The actual income available to individuals and families to spend on consumption after paying direct taxes.

Question No. 27

Question (a) Explain the course of the Russian Revolution under the leadership of Lenin. OR (b) Highlight the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles relating to Germany.

Answer: (a) Course of the Russian Revolution under Lenin: Lenin, the leader of the Bolsheviks, returned to Russia and influenced the revolution with his April Theses, which called for "All power to the Soviets". The Bolsheviks gained support by promising "Bread, Peace, and Land". In October 1917, the Bolsheviks seized power from the provisional government in a nearly bloodless revolution. Lenin established a socialist government and pulled Russia out of World War I by signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany in 1918. The revolution led to the end of the Tsarist autocracy and the eventual formation of the Soviet Union. (b) Provisions of the Treaty of Versailles relating to Germany: The Treaty of Versailles (1919) imposed harsh conditions on Germany: War Reparations: Germany was held responsible for the war and forced to pay a massive sum as war reparations. Military Restrictions: The German army was limited to 100,000 men and its navy was restricted; no air force was allowed. Territorial Losses: Germany lost its overseas colonies, which became mandates under the League of Nations. The territories of Alsace and Lorraine were returned to France. Union Forbidden: The political union of Germany and Austria was strictly forbidden. Rhineland: The Rhineland was to be occupied by the Allied forces and later demilitarised.

Question No. 28

Question (a) Explain the divisions of Northern Mountains and its importance to India. OR (b) Give a detailed account on the basin of the Ganga.

Answer: (a) Divisions of Northern Mountains and their Importance: The Northern Mountains are grouped into three main divisions: The Trans-Himalayas: Also known as the Tibetan Himalayas, they lie north of the Great Himalayan range and contain prominent ranges like Karakoram, Ladakh, and Zaskar. The Himalayas: The core part of the mountains, formed by tectonic activity. It consists of three parallel ranges: the Greater Himalayas (Himadri), the Lesser Himalayas (Himachal), and the Outer Himalayas (Siwaliks). Eastern Himalayas or Purvanchal Hills: These are the eastward extensions of the Himalayas located in the north-eastern states. Importance to India: The Northern Mountains act as a great climatic barrier, blocking the cold winds from Central Asia and keeping the Indian subcontinent warm. They intercept the southwest monsoon winds, causing heavy rainfall in North India. They are the source of major perennial rivers like the Ganga and Brahmaputra. Additionally, they serve as a natural physical barrier for defense and are rich in biodiversity and forest resources. (b) Basin of the Ganga: The Ganga river system is the largest drainage system in India, extending over an area of 8,61,404 sq km. The river originates as the Bhagirathi from the Gangotri glacier in Uttarakhand. It flows through the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal before entering Bangladesh. Major tributaries include the Yamuna, Ghaghara, Gandak, Kosi, Chambal, and Betwa. The Ganga basin is the most densely populated region in India, with many major towns and cities developed on its banks. In its lower course, it joins the Brahmaputra to form the Sundarbans, the world's largest and fastest-growing delta.

Question No. 29

Question (a) Mark the following places on the given World Map: 1. Great Britain, 2. Germany, 3. France, 4. Italy, 5. Morocco, 6. Turkey, 7. Serbia, 8. Austria-Hungary. OR (b) Mark the following places on the given Outline Map of India: 1. Karakoram Range, 2. Aravalli Range, 3. Western Ghats, 4. R. Indus, 5. R. Ganga, 6. R. Kaveri, 7. Malwa Plateau, 8. Palk Strait.

Answer: (a) World Map: Refer to the textbook map on page 8 or 28 for the locations of Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Morocco, Turkey, Serbia, and Austria-Hungary. (b) India Map: Refer to the textbook maps on pages 132, 134, and 140 for the locations of the Karakoram Range, Aravalli Range, Western Ghats, R. Indus, R. Ganga, R. Kaveri, Malwa Plateau, and Palk Strait.